Basic knowledge of music notation

Basic knowledge of musical notation;

The main character representing pitch, marked with seven Arabic numerals. They are written and read as follows:

Spelling: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 i

Reading: Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si Do

The relative ratio of above tones is fixed, except that 3-4 and 7-i are semitones, and other two adjacent tones are whole tones.

To mark notes above or below, add a dot above or below base symbol. In numbered music notation, root symbol without a dot is called midtone; adding a dot above main character is called a high tone; addition of two dots is called a double high tone; addition of three dots is called an extra high tone. ; adding a dot below main character is called a low tone; adding two points is called a subwoofer; addition of three points is called a subwoofer.

Increasing timeline and decreasing timeline: In numbered notation, sound length is expressed by adding dashes, dots, connecting lines, and syllables based on base notes.

※) Hyphens are used in two ways: Dashes written to right of root notes are called ascending timelines. The more lines that increase time, longer duration of sound.

A root note without a time-increasing line is called a quarter note, and each time-increasing line is added, meaning quarter note's time increases.

A short horizontal line written below root note is called minus time line. The more lines of time abbreviation, shorter sound, and each time a time abbreviation line is added, this means a reduction to half length of sound of original note.

※) A small dot written to right of a note is called a dot, which means that duration of previous note is halved. Dots are often used for quarter notes and notes less than a quarter note.

A dotted note is called a dotted note.

Symbols that temporarily change pitch are called temporary diacritics, mostly sharps, flats, and abbreviations.

A sharp sign is written in upper left corner of a note, indicating that note should be raised by a semitone. For example, #1 means that 1 is raised by a semitone.

A flat is written in upper left corner of a note, indicating that note should be lowered by a semitone. For example, b3 means that number 3 is lowered by a semitone.

The recovery number should return specific sound after "#" or "b" in measure to its original position.

The above temporary diacritics only work within a single section, after that section they won't work, one section is |XXXX|.

Tone signature: written in a certain order and position after key. These marks are called tone signatures. Only diacritics are always used in key signature.skies of one kind, that is, sharps or flats. The key signature of a numbered notation is usually represented by 1, equal to A, B, C, D, E, F, G. If 1=C, this means that numbered notation is written in key of C. Add a # or b (flat) before letter , you can refer to some examples of images of numbered music notation.

1=C 2=D 3=E 4=F 5=G 6=A 7=B

Notes. In numerical notation, symbols for recording pitch and duration of sounds are called notes. The symbols used to indicate pitch of these sounds are marked with seven Arabic numerals, and their spelling is:

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are read as: do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si (duet, come, rice, hair, cable, pull, west).

Notes are closely related to pitch, and there is no note without pitch.

Pitch: Numeric note symbols such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 represent different pitches. Understanding notes and pitch is intuitive on piano keyboard. Generally speaking, there are 7 notes in music.

High and Low Frequencies: The small dots written below root note symbols in numbered notation are called low dots, which means that root notes are lowered by one sound group, that is, one pure octave. A mark with two dots means that main note number is lowered by two sound groups, that is, lowered by two pure octaves.

A small dot on root note in numbered notation is called a treble, which means that root note rises by one sound group, that is, rises by one perfect octave. Pay attention to two dots, which means an increase in two sound groups, that is, an increase in two pure octaves.

Length of a note: in addition to high and low notes in music, of course, it also expresses length. Here is main musical term - beat. Tempo is an important concept that expresses length of a note.

Use a horizontal line "—" to mark a quarter note to right or bottom to determine length of note. Common notes and their lengths are listed below:

Pauses: In addition to pitch and length of sound, there are other sounds in music. The symbol that expresses rest of sound is called a pause and is denoted by number "0". In layman's terms, this is a silent and silent symbol.

Residuals are basically same as musical notes, and there are six kinds of them. However, as a general rule, 0 is used directly to replace added horizontal line, and each time 0 is added, quarter pause time value is incremented.

Semitone and whole tone: There is a "distance" between notes, and this distance is a relatively calculated value. In music, smallest distance between two adjacent tones is called a semitone, and distance between two semitones is a whole tone. On a piano, two keyboards that are closely connected on a piano keyboard make up a semitone, while two keyboards separated by a keyboard make up a whole tone.

Variation sound:the sound produced by raising or lowering standard note is change sound. Raising a note by a semitone is called a sharp. Expressed with "#" (sharp sign), it is usually written at top left of note, as shown below:

The standard note is lowered by a semitone, which is indicated by letter "b" (flat sign), also written in upper left part of note.

The basic pitch, raised by a whole tone, is called a double sharp and is indicated by sign "x" (double sharp), which is related to mode.

When root tone drops by a whole tone, it is called a double-fall tone. Designated "bb" (double drop).

If a sound that has been raised (including double up) or lowered (including double down) needs to be changed back to original sound, this is indicated by abbreviation "ヰ".

Note with dots. This is a small dot to right of note, indicating that length of previous note is halved. Dotted notes are called dotted notes.

Rhythm. To master reading a score, you must first master rhythm and practice mastering rhythm so that you can accurately strike rhythm. The method of clapping is this: when hand is down it is a half beat, when palm is up it's a half beat, and when it's up and down it's a half beat.

Rhythm. In a piece of music or a song, strength and weakness of sound manifest themselves in a regular cycle, forming a rhythm. The relationship between beat and rhythm is like relationship between careful steps (beat) and changing drum beat (rhythm) in a procession.

Single beat and double beat. A single beat means one downbeat per measure. There is one strong beat and several sub-strong beats in each beat.

A scale of scales: several tones (usually about seven tones) combined in accordance with a certain ratio, form a system of tone rows with tonic (center tone), forming a fret.

The arrangement of individual tones in a mode, from tonic to tonic, in accordance with a certain ratio of pitch, is called a scale.

Major Scale: Any scale whose scale arrangement follows structure of whole, whole, half, whole, whole, whole and half is a natural major. This is most widely used mode.

Minor mode has three forms:

a: Natural minor: Any scale corresponding to structure of whole, half, whole, whole, half, whole and complete is called natural minor.

b: Harmony minor: raising 7th degree of natural minor, called harmonic minor.

c: Melody minor: When natural minor rises, its 4 and 5 rise, and when it falls, 5 and 4 are restored, which is called melodic minor.

Minor music usually starts with a 6 or 3 and ends with a 6. For example, "Evening in Moscow Region" is music in a minor key. As with major scale, if you really want to understand minor scaleuhm, you should learn knowledge of harmony.

Repeated cue: indicates that melody in cue is sung (played) repeatedly.

Decorations: Decorations are mainly used to decorate melody. They are indicated by signs or small notes, and blessed notes have a short duration.

(1) Appitative tone: refers to one or more notes attached to root note, and appoggiatonic duration is short. Distinguish between pre-approgradation and post-approgradation.

(2) Vibrato: The root and its adjacent tone are played alternately and evenly.

(3) Boeing Tone: It consists of a main sound and an adjacent sound above or below it alternately once or twice quickly.

(4) Portamento: Root note slides up or down to note. slide up There are two kinds of tone and slide tone. In addition to Vocal Music skill, all stringed instruments can be played, but keyboard instruments such as piano cannot perform this skill.

Dynamic mark: marked at top of note with a triangular symbol indicating that note should be sung (played) short and jump.

Connection line: marked with an upper arc at top of note and has two uses:

(1) Stretch line: if it's same note, just play it according to beat and you don't need to play it again, like connection 2 below.

(2) A combination of two or more different sounds, also known as a swear word. Singing (playing) is required coherently and smoothly.

Accent mark: Mark it with a ">" or "□" or "sf" at top of note, indicating that sound is to be sung (played) strongly. When ">" and "□" appear at same time, it means stronger.

Service Mark: A mark at top of a note indicating that note must retain sufficient time value and a certain volume when sung (played).

Barlines. Each bar line is separated by a vertical line called a bar line.

Ending line: This is end of music, where it is about to end. Here you can't just draw barlines, but express them differently than regular barlines. The method of this expression is to use two vertical lines. , one of which is thin lines, one thick parallel line, thin in front and thick in back, this is called "end line", marking end of music.

Vent number: marked with a "v". Indicates to take a breath here.

Extended Information

Simplified notation is a simple notation that includes both alphabetic and numeric notation.

So-called numbered music notation usually refers to digital music notation. The numbered notation is based on movable solf, where 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 represent 7 major scale levels, and pronunciation is do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti (ChinaRussian - B), English - C, D, E, F, G, A, B, rest - 0. The name of temporary value of each number is equivalent to quarter note of staff.

There are four main elements in music composition, most important of which are "pitch" and "duration":

1. Pitch: Any piece of music is made up of high and low sounds. Looking directly at piano, keyboard sound is lower on left and keyboard sound is higher on left and right. As for numbered designation, there are several dots "˙" and ":" directly above or below number. The number of points can be understood as strength, and more, stronger, upper part represents a high pitch, and lower part represents a low tone. The principle is expressed as vibration frequency of object, higher tone, higher vibration frequency, and vice versa.

2. Sound Duration: Apart from pitch of sound, another important factor is duration of sound. The designation of pitch and length of sound determines that this piece of music is different from other pieces, so it becomes most important basic element of music. The principle is expressed in duration of sound.

3. Sound intensity. The intensity of music is easy to understand, it is also called intensity. In a piece of music, there are always notes that are stronger and weaker. The change in strength is one of factors in expression of emotions in musical works. The principle is expressed in magnitude of amplitude.

4. Sound quality: It can also be called timbre. That is, a musical instrument or a human voice that creates music. With same pitch of melody, boys and girls sing in different timbres, violins and pianos have different timbres.